Farmakologik xususiyatlari
Amoksitsillin (yarim sintetik penisillinlar guruhiga mansub antibiotik) va klavulan kislotasi (β-laktamazlar ingibitori) kombinatsiyalangan antibakterial preparat.
Amoksitsillin – yarim sintetik penisillinlar guruhiga mansub keng ta'sir doirasiga ega, antibakterial, bakteritsid va kislotalarga chidamli vosita. Transpeptidazani ingibitsiya qiladi, bo‘linish va o‘sish davrida peptidoglikan (hujayra devorining tayanch oqsili) sintezini buzadi, mikroorganizmlarning lizisiga olib keladi.
Klavulan kislotasi Streptomyces clavuligerus fermentatsiyasi mahsuloti bo‘lib, bir vaqtda yuboriladigan amoksitsillinga nisbatan β-laktamazalarga yuqoriroq afinitetga ega. Ular bilan barqaror inaktivlangan kompleks hosil qilib, amoksitsillinning fermentativ parchalanishini oldini oladi va uning antibakterial ta’sirini namoyon qilish imkonini beradi. Shuningdek, klavulan kislotasi β-laktam antibiotiklariga o‘xshash tuzilishga ega bo‘lib, o‘zining zaif antibakterial faolligiga ega. Klavulan kislotasi Richmond-Sykes-Mathew tasnifiga ko‘ra II, III, IV, V tipdagi β-laktamazalarni ingibitsiya qiladi. Bunday fermentlarni gram-musbat va gram-manfiy, shu jumladan anaerob mikroorganizmlar, masalan, Staphylococcus spp., Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Neisseria spp., Proteus spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacteroides spp. ishlab chiqarishi mumkin. Klavulan kislotasi Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginoza, Serratia spp., Acinetobacter spp. tomonidan ishlab chiqariladigan I tip β-laktamazalarga nisbatan faol emas.
Preparatning bakteritsid ta’siri gram-musbat va gram-manfiy, aerob va anaerob qo‘zg‘atuvchilarning keng doirasini, shu jumladan β-laktam antibiotiklariga (ampitsillin va amoksitsillin) β-laktamazalar ishlab chiqarishi natijasida chidamlilik hosil qilgan shtammlarini ham qamrab oladi.
Gram-musbatlar: Streptococcus Group A, B, C, G (Strep. pneumoniae, viridans, milleri, faecalis, pyogenes, anthracis, agalactiae, bovis); Staphylococcus aureus, epidermidis (penitsillinga sezgir va penitsillinga chidamli, metitsillinga chidamli shtammlar MRSA, MRSE dan tashqari); Enterococcus faecalis, faecium; Corynebacterium spp.; Listeria monocytogenes; Nocardia asteroides.
Gram-manfiylar: Aeromonas spp.; Bordetella pertussis; Brucella spp.; Campylobacter jejuni, coli; Citrobacter spp. (o‘rtacha sezgir); Escherichia coli; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus ducreyi, influenzae; Helicobacter pylori; Klebsiella spp., K. pneumoniae; Moraxella catarrhalis; Morganella spp. (o‘rtacha sezgir); Neisseria gonorrhoeae, meningitidis; Pasteurella multocida; Proteus mirabilis, vulgaris; Salmonella spp.; Shigella spp.; Vibrio cholerae; Yersinia enterocolitica (o‘rtacha sezgir); Branhamella catarrhalis.
Anaeroblar: Actinomyces israeli; Bacteroides spp. (shu jumladan B. fragilis); Prevotella melaninogenica; Clostridium spp. (Cl. difficile dan tashqari); Peptostreptococcus spp.; Eikenella corrodens; Fusobacterium spp.; Propionibacterium spp.; Peptococcus spp.
Boshqalar: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, fortuitum, bovis, kansasii – o‘rtacha sezgir, (Mycobacterium chelonae – chidamli); Treponema pallidum; Nocardiae spp., Leptospira spp.
Quyidagi mikroorganizmlar rezistent yoki qisman rezistent: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Proteus rettgeri, morganii, Providencia spp., Mycoplasmae spp., Chlamidiae spp., Rickettsiae spp.