Farmakologik xususiyatlari
Fluorxinolonlar guruhiga mansub keng ta'sir doirasiga ega antimikrob bakterisid preparat. DNK-girazani (topoizomeraza II) va topoizomeraza IV ni bloklaydi, DNK sintezini ingibitsiya qiladi, sitoplazma, hujayra devori va membranalarida chuqur morfologik o‘zgarishlarni chaqiradi. Levofloksasin ko‘pchilik mikroorganizmlar shtammlariga nisbatan in vitro va in vivo sharoitida faol.
In vitro Sezgir mikroorganizmlar (MPK ≤ 2 mg/l)
Aerob gram-musbat mikroorganizmlar Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium striatum, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus spp, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus koaguloza-manfiy methi-S/I (metitsillin sezgir/umuman sezgir), Staphylococcus aureus methi-S, Staphylococcus epidermidis methi-S, Staphylococcus spp (CNS), Streptococci C va G guruhi, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae peni S/I/R (penitsillin sezgir/umuman sezgir/rezistent), Streptococcus pyogenes, Viridans streptococci peni-S/R.
Aerob gram-manfiy mikroorganizmlar Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter spp., Actinobacillus actinimycetemcomitans, Citrobacter freundii, Eikenella corrodens, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Haemophilus ducreyi, Haemophilus influenzae ampi-S/R (ampitsillin sezgir/rezistent), Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella spp, Moraxela catarrhalis β+/β-, Morganella morganii, Neisseria gonorrhoeae non PPNG/PPNG, Neisseria meningitidis, Pasteurella canis, Pasteurella dagmatis, Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella spp, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia rettgeri, Providencia stuartii, Providencia spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa sababli kasalxona infeksiyalari kombinatsiyalangan davolashni talab qilishi mumkin), Pseudomonas spp, Salmonella spp, Serratia marcescens, Serratia spp.
Anaerob mikroorganizmlar Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacterium spp, Clostridium perfringens, Fusobacterium spp, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium spp, Veillonella spp.
Boshqa mikroorganizmlar Bartonella spp, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, Legionella pneumophila, Legionella spp, Mycobacterium spp, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Rickettsia spp, Ureaplasma urealyticum.
O‘rtacha sezgir mikroorganizmlar (MPK ≥ 4 mg/l)
Aerob gram-musbat mikroorganizmlar Corynebacterium urealyticum, Corynebacterium xerosis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus epidermidis methi-R (metitsillin-rezistent), Staphylococcus haemolyticus methi-R.
Aerob gram-manfiy mikroorganizmlar Burkholderia cepacia, Campylobacter jejuni/coli.
Anaerob mikroorganizmlar Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides ovatus, Prevotella spp, Porphyromonas spp.
Rezistent mikroorganizmlar (MPK ≥ 8 mg/l) Aerob gram-musbat mikroorganizmlar Corynebacterium jeikeium, Staphylococcus aureus methi-R, Staphylococcus koaguloza-manfiy methi-R. Aerob gram-manfiy mikroorganizmlar Alcaligenes xylosoxidans. Boshqa mikroorganizmlar Mycobacterium avium.
Og‘iz orqali qabul qilingandan so‘ng levofloksasin tez va deyarli to‘liq oshqozon-ichak yo‘llaridan so‘riladi. Qon plazmasida Smax 1-2 soatda erishiladi. Plazma oqsillari bilan bog‘lanishi - 30-40%. Organ va to‘qimalarga yaxshi kiradi: o‘pka, bronxlar shilliq qavati, balg‘am, siydik-tanovul tizimi organlari, jinsiy organlar, polimorfonuklear leykotsitlar, alveolyar makrofaglar. T1/2 6-8 soatni tashkil etadi. Asosan buyraklar orqali organizmdan chiqariladi. Levofloksasinning 5% dan kamrog‘i metabolitlar ko‘rinishida chiqariladi.